What are ISRAs?

ISRAs are “discrete, three-dimensional portions of habitat, important for one or more shark species, that are delineated and have the potential to be managed for conservation”.

The identification of ISRAs is an evidence-driven, purely biocentric process based on the application of scientific criteria supported by the best available science. This makes the ISRA identification process completely independent from political pressure. Any relevant management implication can only be subsequent to, and detached from, the ISRA identification process.

Most importantly, ISRAs are not MPAs. Protected areas are delimited spaces where specific regulations are enforced to ensure that human behaviour is controlled so that the negative effects of such behaviour on the conservation of the target species can be avoided or mitigated. Conversely, ISRAs are only identified based on scientific criteria that describe their importance for the survival and well-being of one or more shark species found there. The ISRAs’ main purpose is to attract the attention of policy- and decision-makers on the need of maintaining the favourable conservation status of sharks in that specific area through the implementation of the most appropriate management measures, and this can include an MPA designation.

The identification of ISRAs is achieved through the application of scientifically based criteria. The definition of these ISRA Criteria has been of fundamental importance for the effectiveness of the tool in terms of its application, standardization and consistency across identified sites, as well as comparability between ISRAs at national, regional, and international scales. The ISRA Criteria have been designed to capture important aspects of shark biology, ecology and population structure and to encompass multiple aspects of species vulnerability, distribution, abundance, and key life cycle activities, as well as areas of high diversity.