true

ISRA FACTSHEETS

SOUTH AMERICAN ATLANTIC REGION

ISRA FACTSHEETS

SOUTH AMERICAN ATLANTIC REGION

Bertioga ISRA

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Bertioga ISRA

Bertioga

Summary

Bertioga is located in São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. The area is characterised by sandy substrates and mangroves. It is partially influenced by the estuarine system of the Bertioga Channel which is adjacent to this area. Within this area there are: threatened species (e.g., Scalloped Hammerhead Sphyrna lewini) and reproductive areas (e.g., American Cownose Ray Rhinoptera bonasus).

Bertioga

Bertioga

DESCRIPTION OF HABITAT

Bertioga is located in São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil. The area is primarily characterised by sandy and rocky substrates (Soares et al. 2021). This area also includes mangroves near the opening of the Bertioga Channel, near Bertioga Bar (Eichler et al. 2006). It is partially influenced by the estuarine system of the Bertioga Channel which is adjacent to this area. This can create a tidal-dependant influx of freshwater into the area (Eichler et al. 2006). This area is influenced by the rainy season which runs between October and April.

This Important Shark and Ray Area is benthic and pelagic and delineated from inshore and surface waters (0 m) to 6 m based on the bathymetry of the area.

CRITERION A

VULNERABILITY

Two Qualifying Species considered threatened with extinction according to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species regularly occur in the area. These are the Critically Endangered Scalloped Hammerhead (Rigby et al. 2019) and the Vulnerable American Cownose Ray (Carlson et al. 2020).

CRITERION C

SUB-CRITERION C1 – REPRODUCTIVE AREAS

This is an important reproductive area for one shark and two ray species.

Between November 2015 and January 2023, 79 Scalloped Hammerheads were recorded during beach trawl research surveys (Rodrigues 2024). Scalloped Hammerhead size data are available between 2018–2023 (from 503 fishing days, undertaken at depths between 3–6 m). All individuals were considered neonates/young-of-the-year (YOY), measuring 46–60 cm total length (TL) (Rodrigues 2024). The size-at-birth for this species is 42–55 cm TL (Ebert et al. 2021). The presence of Scalloped Hammerheads in this area may be seasonal, with catches peaking in austral spring (catch-per-unit-effort [CPUE] = 0.31) and summer [CPUE = 0.16]). These 79 individuals comprised ~91% of the sharks recorded during the surveys (Rangel et al. 2018) and the entire known catch of the species in the area. This area has national importance for this species as it is one of the only known locations with regular and predictable presence of neonate/YOY Scalloped Hammerheads.

For American Cownose Ray, 214 individuals were recorded during beach trawl surveys undertaken between November 2015 and January 2023. Of these, 107 (50%) were neonates/YOY, measuring <52 cm disc width (DW) (Rodrigues 2024). The known size-at-birth for this species is 38–48 cm DW (Last et al. 2016). American Cownose Rays were also recorded in surveys of incidental catch of beach seine fisheries operating in the area, undertaken between November 2015 and May 2017 (Rodrigues 2024). Of the 113 American Cownose Rays measured in these surveys, 50 were neonates/YOY, measuring <56 cm DW (Rangel et al. 2018). This included five individuals with visible umbilical scars. The importance of this area for reproduction is seasonal, with records of American Cownose Ray neonates/YOY only being reported in late spring and summer months.

Bertioga

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