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ISRA FACTSHEETS

NEW ZEALAND & PACIFIC ISLANDS REGION

ISRA FACTSHEETS

NEW ZEALAND & PACIFIC ISLANDS REGION

Otago Harbour ISRA

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Otago Harbour ISRA

Otago Harbour

Summary

Otago Harbour is a located on the southeast side of New Zealand’s South Island. Its narrow inlet extends from Port Dunedin to Taiaroa. The area includes multiple bays, peninsulas, and islands, and is characterised by the presence of sandy and muddy substrates as well as shell communities and seagrass beds. The area overlaps with two Key Biodiversity Areas. Within this area there are: threatened species and undefined aggregations (Broadnose Sevengill Shark Notorynchus cepedianus).

Otago Harbour

DESCRIPTION OF HABITAT

Otago Harbour is located next to Dunedin, on the southeast side of New Zealand’s South Island. This narrow inlet has a length of ~20 km and the mouth is ~0.5 km wide, and extends from Port Dunedin to Taiaroa (Grove & Probert 1999). The area includes multiple bays, peninsulas, and islands (e.g., Rakiri and Kamau Taurua) and is divided into two basins: the Upper Harbour and Lower Harbour. The area is characterised by the presence of sandy and muddy substrates as well as shell communities and seagrass beds. While conditions in the harbour are similar to marine habitats outside, Otago Harbour receives the input of the Water of Leith River which produces lower salinities in the inner part of the area (Grove & Probert 1999). Sea surface temperatures range between 5–17°C (Grove & Probert 1999).

The area overlaps with the Dunedin Coast (offshore) and Taiaroa Head Key Biodiversity Areas (KBA 2024a, 2024b).

This Important Shark and Ray Area is benthic and pelagic and is delineated from inshore and surface waters (0 m) to 50 m based on the bathymetry of the area.

CRITERION A

VULNERABILITY

One Qualifying Species considered threatened with extinction according to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species regularly occur in the area. This is the Vulnerable Broadnose Sevengill Shark (Finucci et al. 2020).

CRITERION C

SUB-CRITERION C5 – UNDEFINED AGGREGATIONS

Otago Harbour is an important area for undefined aggregation of one shark species.

Broadnose Sevengill Sharks aggregate in Otago Harbour during the austral summer months (Housiaux et al. 2019; Lewis & Carson 2020). Shore-based surveys (n = 71) using chum were conducted every three weeks from July 2013 to May 2015 to confirm anecdotal reports of aggregations of Broadnose Sevengill Sharks in this small bay. Animals measuring between 150–250 cm total length (TL) were found to aggregate in the area (Housiaux 2016; Housiaux et al. 2019). Broadnose Sevengill Sharks were recorded on 86% of trips during summer months (mean = 2.1 sharks per trip) and were detected in smaller numbers (mean = 0.7 sharks per trip) during autumn (Housiaux et al. 2019). The study was conducted in adjacent bays where records of Broadnose Sevengill Sharks were not detected. Despite similar effort across seasons, no Broadnose Sevengill Sharks were detected in winter or spring. Additionally, Broadnose Sevengill Shark was the most commonly reported species from baited remote underwater video station (BRUVS) surveys in 2020 and 2021 and were almost exclusively recorded in summer confirming their regular occurrence in the area (Lewis & Carson 2020). Otago Harbour is one of the few locations around New Zealand where this species regularly aggregates in a specific season. Broadnose Sevengill Sharks have been found to seasonally aggregate during summer in bays in other parts of the globe for feeding or reproductive process (Ebert 1989; Lucifora et al. 2005; Barnett et al. 2010; Abrantes & Barnett 2011; Williams et al. 2012; Stehfest et al. 2014; Hammerschlag et al. 2019). The nature and function of Broadnose Sevengill Shark aggregations in this area could be for feeding purposes. This is because their presence may be driven by a high abundance of potential demersal prey in the area during summer (Housiaux et al. 2019). Further information is required to determine the nature and function of these aggregations.

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